Subject: Geography

Unit : 3

Target group: Senior three

Topic: Tourism and wildlife conservation in East Africa

Introduction:

Tourism is an economic activity, which involves the movement or travelling from one region to another for pleasure, curiosity, adventure and study purposes.

The tourist industry is based on the travellers’ means of transport, accommodation and other related services.

Tourism may involve people travelling within the country i.e. domestic tourism or travelling to places outside their country of residence i.e. international tourism.

The major tourist attraction in East Africa is wildlife. Others include the land scope, drainage system, different tribal/cultural life, historical site e.g. Fort Jesus, Bigobyamugyenyi e.t.c, Game parks and reserves e.t.c.

Sub –topic: - Distribution of tourist attraction

Importance of tourism
Factors that have favoured the development of tourism in E. Africa.

- Problems faced in the industry and their solutions.

Time required: Minimum 80 minutes

Maximum 160 minutes

Brief description of topic:

The unit deals with tourism and wildlife conservation in East Africa.

Main content and concepts to emphasise; the teacher should emphasise the following:

Definition of the following: tourism, wildlife, game parks and game reserves.
Describe the tourist attractions in East Africa.
Identify the tourist attractions in East Africa countries.
Factors favouring tourism in each of the countries.
Benefits of tourism and wildlife conservation in East Africa.
Problems faced in the tourism industry and solutions.

Teaching and learning materials, activities and guidance.

- Textbooks,

Use relevant photographs taken from East Africa.
Documentary films
Magazines
News papers
Media i.e. T.V, DVD.

Teacher’s guide:

Learning objectives

- Students should be able to identify the tourist attractions in East Africa/.

- Explain factors that have led to the growth of tourism in East Africa.

- Problems faced in the industry and how they have been solved.

- What could be done to improve on tourism?

References

Karuggaah. R. and Kabasi .J. (1993), certificate Geography form 2 (pg100-121).

G.M. Hickman, WHG. Dickens with E woods (1973), The lands and peoples of East Africa, Longman group ltd.

Young and Lawry (1985): A course in world Geography, physical Regional and Human Geography of East-Africa.

Student’s activity

Comparison between tourism in East Africa and Switzerland.

Topic notes

Definitions;

Wildlife: it refers to all mammals, reptiles, birds and insects living in their natural habitant such as forests, grasslands, swamps, seas, lakes and rivers.

Game park- this is an area set aside by the government to conserve birds, and wild animals. In this area no settlements or hunting is allowed by law, hence the area is gazetted and kept in its natural state.

Game reserves – this is a tract of land set a side by the government to conserve and protect animals. Its similar to a national park, however, there is limited hunting with permission (licence) from the game department. Game reserves are usually established near Game parks for they can be used for extension of National parks. And also act as a buffer zone.

Tourist attractions in East Africa:

- Wild life: - fauna and flora

- Landscape: - snow covered mountains, Block mountains, volcano mountains.

Rift valleys, steep escarpment
Drainage system
Different tribal/cultural life
Historical sites
Game parks

Drainage system.

River Nile as the longest river in East Africa, and Lake Victoria as the largest fresh water lake.

River Nile has rapids and falls, which create beautiful scenery such as Karuma, Bujagali Falls and Murchision falls.

Varied landscape: -

Snow covered mountains like Kilimajaro, Rwenzori, Kenya.

Block mountains and volcano mountains

e.g. Rwenzori , Elgon, Kenya , Mufumbira ranges, Aberdare.

Exposed intrusive features like sukuru hills.

Rift valley/ steep escarpment.

Historical sites.

- kasubi tombs-burial ground for Buganda royal Kingdom.

- Fort Lugard,Fort Jesus- Portuguese fort.

- Nyero Rock paints.

- olduvia Gorge- stone age sites

- Palaces /temples/mosques/churches

Varied vegetation

-Fauna

- Tropical forest

- Bamboo forest

- Heath and moor land on mountains.

Different tribal/cultural life.

- Dressing, dances, local art and craft, traditional styles of house construction.

Sports.

- Mountain climbing, rafting, fishing, golf, motor rally, football, Basket ball, rugby, etc

Climate

-Warm sunny climate.

- Sun bathing at the coast and along the lake shores.

Factors that encourage the development of tourism in E. Africa.

The physical factors involves the pleasant climate. Attractive physical features such as mountains, lakes, coastal beaches, rivers, lakes, vegetation e.t.c

Economical factors, these involve transport and communication, Hotels and accommodation centres, shopping facilities, Entertainment, well-trained catering staff, water supply to major tourist centres.

Political factors, tourists want to visit areas where there is political stability.

Cultural factors: - tourists enjoy visiting places of historical and architectural interest, for example cities, churches, mosques, temples, palaces and pyramids.

Tourism and benefits of wildlife conservation.

Animals are conserved and natural vegetation preserved and this is turn has led to conservation of soil and catchment area.

Government earn foreign currency, as many of the tourists are foreigners.

Provide employment opportunities for nationals/citizens. Many people are employed as game wanders, managers, attendants in hotels, souverniour shops, safari and out-fit shops, travel agents etc.

Many areas where these attractions are found have their infrastructure well developed e.g. good roads, recreation facilities, hospitals, schools. e.t.c

The industry indirectly benefits other sectors for example agriculture, fishing crafts.

Tourism utilises the unproductive agricultural land, which is sparsely populated.

It creates good social and political relations amongst the state hence this makes many areas luxuriant and attractive.

There is preservation of culture.

Towns have developed in these areas with tourist attractions. This has led to development of infrastructure in such areas and business as increased.

Tourism has led to the development of remote areas.

Towns have developed in areas with tourist resorts and business has increased.

The government also benefits from the sales of licences to tour operators who are taxed hence increased revenue.

e.t.c

Problems facing the tourism industry.

1. Poor infrastructure and communications from the major urban centres to the major tourist attractions. I.e. the roads are in poor state and worse during the rainy season.

The railway is inefficient, slow and still operational in few areas. Air transport services are very few in Uganda and its quite expensive especially for the international tourist.

2. Political instability or insecurity, for example in Uganda, this affects the sector in the following ways: -

Scares away the animals in the reserves.
There is destruction of the infrastructure e.g. roads, hotels, people run away from war torn areas.

3. Increased poaching, which has led to extinction of some birds and animals.

4. Many areas of tourist attraction are in remote areas, which hinder many tourists to visit them leading to loss of foreign exchange.

5. Poor advertisement of Uganda’s tourist attractions especially at international levels. Most of the tourists lack knowledge of what is in Uganda.

6. Competition from other countries which a more developed and have well set up tourist attractions e.g. in terms of infrastructure, better roads, more hotels, communication and are more politically stable.

7. Language barrier especially with regard to the international languages. Very few employees in this industry can speak many of the foreign languages.

e t c

SOLUTIONS.

Improvements in transport and communication e.g. Better roads are being constructed leading to the tourist attractions. In Uganda the Kampala- Kasese road leading to Queen Elizabeth National Park.

Improvement on security by controlling the rebel activities especially in areas with tourist attractions. For example ensuring security to the tourists travelling to Kidepo National Park or to western Uganda.

Laws have been set up by the government discouraging poaching of the wild animals and conservation of vegetation e.g. the wetland conservation policy, forest conservation policy.

The governments have tried to advertise through media and also publishing documentaries about the tourist attractions, use of procures, stamps, opening up web sites and the adverts are mainly targeting the European countries e.g. UK, German e.t.c

Employing forest officers and game rangers to help in stopping forestry fires and poaching.

Improving in hospitality and the quality of service rendered to the tourist through training tour operators for example leisure and hospitality, and tourism courses are offered at the university.

HOW TO IMPROVE THE TOURISM INDUSTRY IN EAST AFRICA.

Construction of transport n network or building better roads leading to the tourist centres.

The level of hospitality to the tourists has been improved and this has increased the number of tourists coming into the different countries.

There is need for political stability to ensure the security of the tourists.

Diversification from the traditional tourist attractions of National parks and game reserves to include more of sport activities e.t.c.

Attracting both local and foreign investors to put facilities like hotels, lodges etc for tourists.

Comprehensive training of managers, wardens, travel agents, guides etc who work in the tourist sector.

Liberalisation of tourist attractions and facilities e.g. hotels etc

Establishment of wildlife clubs and education centres.

Mass education about the importance and need for tourism.

Improving international relations and political climate.

Resettlement of the people to reduce encroachment on the tourist facilities.

Disarming hostile tribes e.g. the karamajong, turkana etc.

Strict-anti poaching laws and regulations are enforced.

Spraying Tse tse infested areas and vaccination services are provided.

Extensive advertising using stamps, posters, brochures, films etc

Discouraging burning and clearing of vegetation in areas surrounding the National parks and game reserves that scares away animals.

There is need for political stability to ensure the security of the tourists.

The level of hospitality to the tourists has to be improved so as to attract more of the tourists coming from different countries.

Construction of transport network or building better roads leading to the tourist centres.

Diversification from the traditional tourist attractions of National parks and game reserves to include more of sport activities.

Activity 1

1.The Serengeti plains are kept as a game park because: -

There is very little water available.
The soils are easily eroded
They are sparsely populated
They are far from communication network.

2.Meru National park is located in

North-East Tanzania
South-East Kenya.
South Tanzania
Central Kenya

3.which of the following is Uganda’s leading invisible expert?

(a) Cocaine (b) skilled labour (c) Tourism (d) Hydro-electricity.

4. In East Africa, most game reserves are located in areas of:

(a) Low rainfall (b) High population

5. A tourist in Uganda would see a wider variety of attractions along the: -

Kampala-soroti road
Mbarara- fort portal road
Kampala-masaka road
Mbarara-kabale raod

6. Which of the following is the most important benefit of the tourist industry in

East Africa? It has

Attracted more people in East Africa
Created good relationship between the people of East A frica and other countries.
Led to conservation of wild life.
Become an invisible expert.

7.the largest National park in Uganda is: -

(a) Queen Elizabeth (b) Murchison falls (c) Kidepo (d) Rwenzori.

8.In East Africa, wildlife conservation is aimed at: -

The development of meat factory.
Providing employment opportunities to poachers.
Conserving nature and its beauty.
Increasing the number of elephants.

9. The tourism industry in Kenya is more developed than in the other two East African countries because Kenya:-

has better hotels
is near the coast
has better transport
has a wider range of animals.

(a), 2 and 3 (b) 2 and 4 (c) 1 and 4 (d) 4 and 3

10.most tourists in E.Africa come to see:-

(a) Variety of wild life (b) Beautiful coast lands.

11. The largest National Park in East Africa is

Rwenzori (d) Serengeti

(b) Tsavo (c) Kabalega

12. Uganda’s tourist industry is improving mainly because of:

Renovation of hotels
Improved security in the country
Creation of more National parks
Rehabilitation of feeder roads.

13.Tanzania can improve its tourism industry by:-

Developing its transport network
Creating more National parks
Encouraging local people to visit the National parks.
Encouraging the local people to use the coastal beaches

14. The major wildlife attraction to tourists visiting lake Nakuru is: -

(a) Lions (b) Crocodiles (c) Antelopes (d) Flaninpoes

15. Which are of the following pairs of game reserves is found in Tanzania.

Biharamuro and selous
Selous and mara
Mara and masha
Biharamuro and masha..

ANSWERS

Objectives

C 6. D 11. B
A 7. B 12. B
C 8. C 13. A
A 9. D 14. D
C 10. A 15. A

ACTIVITY. 2

1. (a) Draw a sketch map of East Africa and on it mark and name;

National parks: Tsavo, Queen Elizabeth and Mkomazi.

(ii) Game reserves: Matheriko, selous.

Identify THREE types of tourist attractions in East Africa besides wild life.

Identify the factors, which have led to the development of tourism in East Africa.

Outline the problems facing the tourist industry in East Africa

2. (a) Draw a map of Uganda and on it mark and name:

National parks: L.mburo, Bwindi, Semliki,Kidepo,and Murchison falls.

(ii) Kazinga channel, L.Bisinia and Mt.Elgon.

Mention at least ONE Tourist attraction found in: -

(i) Bwindi (ii) Murchison falls (iii) Kidepo

in Uganda

(d) (i) State FIVE problems facing the tourist industry in Uganda.

(ii) How are the problems stated in (d) (i) above being solved?

KEY WORDS:

Wild life
Game reserves
National parks
A zoo
Sanctuary
Poaching
Encroachment
Game rangers
Scenery
Infrastructure.

Answers to activity 2.

1. (a) SKETCH MAP OF EAST AFRICA SHOWING NATIONAL PARKS

AND GAME RESERVES.

THREE types of tourist attraction in East Africa.

Climate i.e. warm sunny climate, sunbathing at the coast.
Scenery- snow capped mountains, Block mountains, volcano mountains, rift valley, steep escarpments, rivers, lakes, waterfalls, caves etc
Tribal cultural life: - dances, crafts, dressing, food, traditional styles of house construction.
Sports: - mountain climbing, rafting, fishing, golf, motor rallying, football, basketball, rugby etc
Historical sites: - kasubi tombs, fort lugard, fort Jesus, Nyero rock paints, oldunai Gorge, palaces, museums etc
Varied vegetation: - tropical forests, savannah grassland/woodland, desert e.t.c

Factors that have contributed to the development of Tourism in East Africa.

Presence of a wide variety of tropical animals and birds.
Presence of varied vegetation.
Beautiful scenery i.e. snow capped mountains, rift valley, lakes, rivers, escarpment e.t.c.
Improved transport and communication network.
Improved accommodation i.e. Hotels, lodges, motel e.t.c
Favourable climate i.e. warm sunshine, sunbathing ete
Advertisement abroad.
Political stability in Kenya and Tanzania.
Favourable government policy.
Availability of capital. e.t.c

Problems facing the tourism industry in East Africa.

Insecurity in some areas which have tourist attractions e.g. North Eastern Uganda (Kidepo National Park)
There is increased poaching on various animals hence have reduced in number e.g. Rhinos.
Destruction of the vegetation especially due to overgrazing.
Diseases, which attack the animals.
Few wardens and game rangers.
Too many animals cause overgrazing e.g. elephants in Tsavo and Murchison falls National Parks.
Inadequate capital for investment.
Poor advertisement abroad.
Encroachment in areas which have been gazetted for wildlife conservation.
Embezzlement of funds
Limited infrastructural development in these areas. e.t.c

2. (a) MAP OF UGANDA SHOWING NATIONAL PARKS AND OTHER

TOURIST ATTRACTIONS.

One tourist attraction found in

Bwindi – mountain Gorilla, Birds, other animals and plants.

Murchison falls N.P – Animals (elephants),Hippos/ kobs, birds, waterfalls, river Nile.

Kidepo N.P - Animals e.g. elephants, lions, zebras, Giraffes e.t.c

Factors that have contributed to the development of tourism in Uganda.

Presence of a wide variety of tropical animals and birds.
Presence of varied vegetation.
Availability of varied physical feature i.e. rift valley, rivers and lakes, mountains e.t.c
Hospitality of the Ugandans.
Improved transport and communication.
Improved accommodation.
Political stability
Advertising of tourist attractions abroad.
Availability of capital.
Favourable climate i.e. along the equator, Uganda has a hot climate almost throughout the year.
Tour packages.
Favourable government policy.

(d) i) Five problems facing the tourist industry in Uganda.

Poaching in the national parks.
Political instability/insecurity in some areas.
Poor advertising a broad.
Inadequate accommodation facilities.
Inadequate capital
Limited infrastructure.
Animal migration because of the wars.
Overgrazing.
Embezzlement of funds
Diseases
Competition.

ii) Ways of solving the problems in d (ii) above;

Renovate infrastructure and build new ones.
Liberalising the tourist attraction.
Establishment of educative and wildlife clubs.
Mass computation on the improvement of tourism.
Improving international relations /political climate.
Strict antipollution laws.
Disarming hostile tribes.
Extensive advertising.
Spraying tsetse infected areas.

Activity .3

Sample questions

Photograph interpretation.

Photograph interpretation related to tourism

(a) i). State the economic activity taking place in the area shown in this photograph.

ii). Describe the vegetation in the foreground and background shown in the

photograph in (a) i) above.

(b). What alternative activities can be carried out on the type of vegetation shown

in the photograph in (a) above.

(c). Mention two factors favouring and two problems facing the economic activity

shown in the photograph in (a) (i)above.

(i) Explain the effects of the activity shown in the photograph on the

environment

(ii) Giving reasons for your answer, suggest an area in East Africa where this

photograph could have been taken.

Activity. 4

Pie charts and graphs.

Using statistical data to draw the pie charts and graphs. (to be included)

Country	National park	Attractions
Uganda	Bwindi	Mt. Gorilla’s
	Queen Elizabeth	- Blue monkeys - Chimpanzees - Hogs - Afro mountain rain forest.
	Kidepo	- Lions, Giraffes, Zebras, Massive herds of Buffaloes, Elephants. - Bird species.
	Murchison falls	- Elephants, water falls, Antelopes, Nile perch, Chimpanzees, Giraffes, Lions, Buffaloes, Crocodiles, Birds etc.
Kenya	Tsavo	- Lions, Elephants, Giraffes, Wild- beasts, black rhinocerous, small grazing animals.
	Nakuru	- Flamingos, Buffaloes, waterbuck, reedbucks, Impala, bush back, Hippopotamus.
	Amboseh	Lions, Elephants, Cheetahs, Zebras, Eland, Water buck, Impala, Baboon, Spotted hyena, Black-backed jackal etc
Tanzania	Serengeti	- Zebra, Giraffe - Wild beasts

SCHEME OF WORK

Unit………3

School………………

Term………………….. Year………………..

Class…………S.3 No. of students………………..

No. of periods………………..

Week (Dates)	No. of lessons	Topic	Content (Sub-topic)	Objectives	Teaching Methods	Teaching Aids	References	Comments
1	2	Wildlife in East Africa.	Wildlife conservation.	- Explain what is meant by: wildlife and Wildlife conservation. - Identify wildlife-protected areas. - Solutions and problems in wildlife areas. - Advantages of wildlife.	Photographic interpretation. Questions leading to discovery. Discussions	Photographs related to wildlife.	Karugah, Certificate Geography Book 2.
2	2	Tourism in East Africa.	Definition of tourism. - Tourist attraction in East Africa. - Factors for development of tourism. -Benefits of tourism. - Problems faced and solutions	- Definition of Tourism. - Identify the tourist attractions in E. Africa. - State the factors that favour development of tourism in E. Africa. - Explain the advantage of tourism in East Africa. - Identify the problems and solutions. -Compare tourism in E. Africa countries.	Photograph interpretation. Questions and answers. Discussion.	Photographs related to tourism.

LESSON PLAN

Date……………

Class……………………..

Number of periods………..

Time required: minimum 80minutes

Maximum 160 minutes

Topic: Wildlife conservation and Tourism in East Africa.

Sub-topic: - Definition of tourism.

Tourist attraction in East Africa.
Factors for development of tourism in E. Africa.
Identifying the problems and solutions.

Learning objectives.

By the end of the lesson students should be able to: -

Identify the tourist attractions in East Africa.
Locate the tourist attractions of East Africa
Explain the factors favouring the development of tourism in E.A.
State benefits /problems and solutions.

Teaching methods.

Photographic interpretation, questions leading to discovery, and discussions.

Teaching aids.

Photographs related to wildlife and tourism.

Step	Time	Content	Teacher activity	Students activity
1	05mins	Wildlife	Introduction (stimulus activity) - Put up a picture showing wildlife. - Ask students to look at the picture.	- Observe what is in the picture.
2	20mins	Description of wildlife.	- Ask students to identify the animals and vegetation in the picture. - Ask whether they have come across these animals and where. - Use students answer to describe; wildlife, national parks and game reserves. - Ask questions why wildlife should be conserved. - Give brief economic importance of wildlife, relating it to tourism.	Respond as being asked about the knowledge they have. - Guiding questions and write down the description of wildlife, conservation, National parks and game reserves and tourism..
3	25mins	Tourism	- Ask students whether they have seen tourists. - Why they come to East Africa. - Guiding question on conditions that favour tourism. - Problems faced and solutions /advantages of tourism.	- Respond as being asked about the knowledge they have. - Guiding questions and write down the factors, problems, solutions and Benefits.
4	10mins	Identify the tourist attractions.	- Ask questions about locations of National parks and game reserves.	Locate National parks and game reserves using the map of East Africa.
5	20mins	Drawing a sketch map	Supervise the drawing of the maps.	- Draw a sketch map of East Africa showing location of tourist attractions.

SUBJECT : GEOGRAPHY

TOPICS : TOURISM AND WILD LIFE CONSERVATION IN

EAST AFRICA

Job related life skills

Communication: ability to read, write,listen and speak using appropriate language.

Team work: ability to cooperate and share tasks with colleagues.

Personal attributes : creativity, enthusiasm, reflective thinking, self awareness

Information skills : ability to identify information needs,observe and collect evidence and present findings appropriately

Implementation and Application: ability to accomplish given tasks.

Learners’ Activities

Activity 1

What do you understand e term wildlife?

What is the difference between flora and fauna?

Mention some of the wildlife features youknow of in your country

How many types of wild animals do you know? – give examples.

Which of these wild animals are edible? - give examples.

What problems are faced by wild animals?

Give the benefits people get from wild animals

Activity 2

The field study

1 In groups of 10, ask the learners to vist any wildlife site of your choice to;

Find out the location of the tourist reserve

Identify the major tourist attractions in the area

find out the physical and human factors that have influenced the growth and development of the tourist site

Find out the tourist trend.ie.

The number of tourist arrivals in the past five years

Their country of origin / nationality

Tourist season

Find out the impact of tourism on the surrounding area

Identify the tourist potentials in and around the community

Establish challenges wildlife is facing in Uganda

Find out how the government has come in to combat these challenges

NOTE: let each group make a presentation to their classmates in class

Activity three

. a) Define the following terms:

i) Game park

Game reserve

Name five national parks in your country.
Name some of the animals in each of the national parks mentioned above.
Draw a sketch map of East Africa and on it mark and name the national parks mentioned above.
Why are game reserves important?
Name four animals which are in danger of extinction in the national parks.
Give reasons why the animals mentioned above are on high demand.
In what ways can you protect the wild animals in your country?

Activity four

Ask a resource person to talk to your learners on issues pertaining wildlife, ensure that learners take note and encourage them to interact freely with the resource person in terms of question and answer

Activity five

Assume you are a community leader and you have been assigned work to sensitise the people on how to boost the tourist industry in your community, write down what you are going to present.

Activity six

Provide learners with a photograph to interprete.

Name the type of photograph above.
State the activity taking place in the foreground.
Name the physical features in the photograph.
Giving reasons for your answer, state the factors which favour the activity stated in (ii) above.

Activity seven

Project

The teacher organizes the class into a group of five students.

The teacher then gives them the guidelines on how to make crafts like cups, mats, etc using local materials that can be sold to the tourists.

MGVSS Geography (Teachers)

Tuesday, June 30, 2015

Tourism